Males start following females 5 days before estrus and may come from as far away as 500 meters. Females may mate with more than one male as well. Males compete among themselves for the ability to mate with female eastern grey squirrels.
The ears are pale grey to white and its tail is white to pale grey. The dorsal surface ranges from grizzled dark to pale grey and may have cinnamon tones. Sciurus carolinensis is a medium sized tree squirrel with no sexual dimorphism in size or coloration. Densities are highest in forests with trees that produce foods that last through winter storage such as oaks (Quercus) and walnuts (Juglans). Sciurus carolinensis prefers habitats of mature continuous woodlands of greater than 40 hectares with diverse understory vegetation. Introductions have occurred in the western states and some of Canada that was not previously inhabited, as well as in Italy, Scotland, England and Ireland. Sciurus carolinensis ranges over the eastern United States to just west of the Mississippi River and north to Canada.
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